The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences is a 1966 book by the French philosopher Michel Foucault. It was translated into English and published by Pantheon Books in 1970. Foucault endeavours to excavate the origins of the human sciences, particularly but not exclusively psychology and sociology. The book opens with an extended discussion of Diego Velázquez's painting Las Meninas and its complex arrangement of sightlines, hiddenness, and appearance. Then it develops its central claim: that all periods of history have possessed certain underlying conditions of truth that constituted what was acceptable as, for example, scientific discourse. Foucault demonstrates parallels in the development of three fields: linguistics, biology, and economics.
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